Master Human Factors for your ATPL theory exam
Free practice questions covering hypoxia, spatial disorientation, CRM, situational awareness, human error models, fatigue, vision illusions and circadian rhythms — with detailed explanations for every answer.
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Topics covered in this question bank
All major Human Performance topic areas from the EASA ATPL syllabus, including physiology, psychology, error models and CRM.
Time of Useful Consciousness (TUC) by altitude
TUC is the time available to a pilot after loss of pressurisation or oxygen supply to take corrective action. It decreases sharply with altitude and is significantly reduced by physical activity. This data is directly tested in the EASA exam.
| Altitude | TUC (at rest) | TUC (with activity) |
|---|---|---|
| 22,000 ft | 5–10 minutes | 3–5 minutes |
| 25,000 ft | 3–5 minutes | 2–3 minutes |
| 28,000 ft | 2–3 minutes | 1–1.5 minutes |
| 30,000 ft | 1–2 minutes | 45–75 seconds |
| 35,000 ft | 30–60 seconds | 15–30 seconds |
| 40,000 ft | 15–20 seconds | <10 seconds |
| 45,000 ft+ | 9–15 seconds | <6 seconds |
What to expect on the real exam
Human Performance is primarily a recall and application subject. Questions combine physiological facts (TUC values, hypoxia stages, G-force thresholds) with applied scenario questions about CRM, decision-making under workload and spatial disorientation recovery.
Why Human Performance is a safety-critical subject
Human error is cited as a contributing factor in over 70% of aviation accidents. Understanding why humans make errors — and how the aviation system can be designed to catch them — is one of the most important things a pilot can learn.
Questions in this bank are aligned with the EASA ATPL syllabus and cover both the physiological side (what happens to the body at altitude, under acceleration, or with fatigue) and the cognitive side (how attention, memory and decision-making degrade under stress or high workload).
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