Master Operational Procedures for your ATPL theory exam
Free practice questions covering SOPs, emergency checklists, ETOPS, RVSM, low visibility operations, de-icing fluids, fuel policy, CRM and safety management systems — with detailed explanations for every answer.
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Topics covered in this question bank
All major Operational Procedures topic areas from the EASA ATPL syllabus, from standard operating procedures to special and emergency operations.
Minimum fuel calculation sequence for commercial operations
Fuel questions are directly calculated in the exam. Know the sequence of fuel components and what each covers. The final reserve is the absolute minimum fuel that must remain on landing at the alternate.
| Fuel Component | Covers | Quantity (jets) |
|---|---|---|
| Taxi Fuel | Start, taxi and pre-take-off run-up | As determined by operator |
| Trip Fuel | Brake release at departure → landing at destination | As calculated for route/conditions |
| Contingency Fuel | Forecast inaccuracies, routing deviations | Min 5% of trip fuel |
| Alternate Fuel | Missed approach at destination → landing at alternate | As calculated for alternate route |
| Final Reserve | Absolute minimum on landing — must never be planned to use | 30 min holding at 1500 ft AAL |
| Additional Fuel | MEL items, ISA deviation, ATC routing, destination isolated | As required by circumstances |
| Extra Fuel | Captain's discretion | As determined by captain |
What to expect on the real exam
Operational Procedures questions test knowledge of regulatory requirements (ETOPS approvals, RVSM criteria, LVO minima), procedural knowledge (de-icing fluid types, fuel calculation sequence, Operations Manual structure) and operational judgement (CRM scenarios, TEM concepts, SMS principles). Many questions are regulatory fact-recall — know the exact values (ETOPS 120/180 minutes, final reserve 30 minutes, RVSM FL290–FL410, RVSM separation 1000 ft).
Why Operational Procedures underpins professional airline operations
Operational Procedures bridges theory and professional airline practice. It covers how airlines operate safely under regulatory frameworks, how crews coordinate and manage threats and errors, how special operations such as ETOPS and low visibility approaches are conducted, and how aircraft are protected from contamination. Many of the procedures studied here will become daily professional tools as an airline pilot.
Questions are aligned with the EASA ATPL syllabus and cover the complete range from standard checklists and SOPs through to the detailed regulatory requirements for ETOPS approvals, RVSM authorisation, LVO minima and de-icing fluid holdover times.
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